Sonnet References
At Sonnet, we believe that transparency and rigor are important parts of technical development. As such, we make every effort to publish our methods and technologies. Please find a list of selected publications showcasing Sonnet below.
Core EM algorithm
[1]
J. C. Rautio and R. F. Harrington, "An Electromagnetic Time-Harmonic Analysis of Shielded Microstrip Circuits," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. MTT-35, Aug. 1987, pp. 726-730.
[2]
J. C. Rautio, "A Time-Harmonic Electromagnetic Analysis of Shielded Microstrip Circuits," Ph. D. Dissertation, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 1986.
[3]
J. C. Rautio, "An Ultra-High Precision Benchmark For Validation Of Planar Electromagnetic Analyses," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 42, No. 11, Nov. 1994, pp. 2046-2050.
Beowulf
[4]
B. J. Rautio, V. I. Okhmatovski, A. C. Cangellaris, J. C. Rautio, and J. K. Lee, "The Unified-FFT Algorithm for Fast Electromagnetic Analysis of Planar Integrated Circuits Printed on Layered Media Inside a Rectangular Enclosure," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 62, No. 5, pp. 1112-1121, May 2014.
TrueVolume
[5]
J. C. Rautio, and M. A. Thelen, "Method of Moments Analysis of Arbitrary Structures in Shielded Layered Media," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol. 69, no. 1, pp. 509-517, Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2020.3026376.
Conductor Loss
[6]
James C. Rautio and Veysel Demir, "Microstrip Conductor Loss Models for Electromagnetic Analysis," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 51, No. 3, March 2003, pp. 915 - 921.
[7]
James C. Rautio, "An Investigation of Microstrip Conductor Loss," IEEE MTT Magazine, December 2000, pp. 60-67.
[8]
R. Horton, B. Easter, A. Gopinath, "Variation of Microstrip Losses with Thickness of Strip", Electronics Letters, 26th August 1971, Vol. 7, No.17, pp.490-481.
Surface Roughness
[9]
A. F. Horn, J. W. Reynolds, J. C. Rautio, "Conductor Profile Effects on the Propagation Constant of Microstrip Transmission Lines," IMS 2010.
[10]
A. F. Horn, J. W. Reynolds, P. A. LaFrance, J. C. Rautio, "Effect of conductor profile on the insertion loss, phase constant, and dispersion in thin high frequency transmission lines," DesignCon Best Paper Award, February 2010.
Anisotropy
[11]
J. C. Rautio, "Measurement of Uniaxial Anisotropy in Rogers RO3010 Substrate Material," COMCAS, Tel Aviv, Israel, November 2009.
[12]
J. C. Rautio and S. Arvas, "Measurement of Planar Substrate Uniaxial Anisotropy," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol 57, No. 10, October 2009. Please contact Sonnet Support for the spreadsheet discussed in paper.
[13]
J. C. Rautio and B. J. Rautio, "High Accuracy Broadband Measurement of Anisotropic Dielectric Constant Using a Shielded Planar Dual Mode Resonator," ARFTG Microwave Measurement Symposium, Fall 2009.
De-embedding and Port Calibration
[14]
J. C. Rautio, "A De-Embedding Algorithm for Electromagnetics," International Journal of Microwave & Millimeter-Wave Computer-Aided Engineering, Vol.1, No. 3, July 1991, pp. 282-287.
[15]
J. C. Rautio, "A New Definition of Characteristic Impedance," MTT International Symposium Digest, Boston June 1991, pp. 761-764.
[16]
J. C. Rautio, "Deembedding the Effect of a Local Ground Plane in Electromagnetic Analysis," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 53, No. 2, February 2005, pp. 770 - 776.
[17]
J. C. Rautio and V. I. Okhmatovski, "Unification of Double-Delay and SOC Electromagnetic Deembedding," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 53, No. 9, September 2005, pp. 2892 - 2898.
Meshing Models
[18]
J. C. Rautio, "Triangular Cells in an Electromagnetic Analysis of Arbitrary Microstrip Circuits", MTT International Microwave Symposium Digest, Dallas June 1990, pp. 701-704.
[19]
J. C. Rautio, "A Conformal Mesh for Efficient Planar Electromagnetic Analysis," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 52, No. 1, January 2004, pp. 257 - 264.
[20]
Conformal Mesh is patented: U.S. Patent No. 6,163,762 issued December 19, 2000.
Adaptive Band Synthesis
[21]
J. C. Rautio, "Generating Spectrally Rich Data Sets Using Adaptive Band Synthesis Interpolation," Workshop WFA, IEEE MTT Symposium Digest, Philadelphia, June 8 - 13, 2003.
Spice Models
[22]
J. C. Rautio, "Synthesis of Lumped Models from N-Port Scattering Parameter Data," IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 42, No. 3, March 1994, pp. 535-537.
Applications
[23]
Brian Rautio, John Coonrod, "An Efficient EM Simulation Model for ENIG Plated Metal Finishes Including Conductor Side-Wall Plating Verified with Physical Measurement from 1 to 50 GHz," IMWS-5G 2018, August 30th - 31st 2018, Dublin, Ireland.
Superconductors
[24]
Below is a link to a list of publications, which have been suggested by the Sonnet user community, that are helpful when applying Sonnet to Superconductor circuits:
https://www.sonnetsoftware.com/sw-links/tech-ref-super.html
Causality
[25]
Sonnet's Djordjevic-Sarkar causality model is based on the following article:
Morgan, Chad, "Solutions for Causal Modeling and A Technique for Measuring Causal, Broadband Dielectric Properties," DesignCon 2008, February 4 - 7, 2008.
[26]
Sonnet's IEEE 370 CQMi file uses the IEEE 370 Standard to quickly estimate causality for specific applications. It is not meant to be a final determination. CQMi stands for "Initial Causality Quality Metric". See the reference below for details:
"IEEE Standard for Electrical Characterization of Printed Circuit Board and Related Interconnects at Frequencies up to 50 GHz," in IEEE Std 370-2020 , vol., no., pp.1-147, 8 Jan. 2021, doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2021.9316329.