Graph - Normalization (Far Field Viewer)

Graph => Normalization

Selecting Graph => Normalization from the far field viewer main menu opens the Select Normalization dialog box. This dialog box allows you to select the type of normalization to use for your plots. Once a normalization type is selected, all plots use that normalization.

Tip: You may also open the Select Normalization menu by right-clicking on the plot and selecting Normalization from the pop-up menu.

The Far Field Viewer allows you the choice of three types of normalization: Gain (dB), Directive Gain (dB) or Power/ EMC. By default, the far field viewer displays the gain. You select the type of normalization by clicking on the appropriate radio button.

Directive Gain (dB)

Directive gain is defined as the radiation intensity from an antenna in a given direction divided by the uniform radiation intensity for an isotropic radiator with the same total radiation power.^[2^]

The far field viewer calculates the directive gain based on the total power radiated by your circuit. The far field viewer calculates the total power by using all the theta and phi points to integrate over the entire surface. Therefore, the more theta and phi points calculated, the more accurate the values provided for directive gain. A Figure of Merit ( F.O.M.) appears in the Gain section of the legend when directive gain is selected to provide you with an idea of how accurate is the data (100% is perfect). If this figure is too low, try recalculating using more theta and phi data points. If this figure is too high, that is an indication that the problem is over calculated. i.e., angles are being analyzed twice. In this case, check for duplicate angels such as theta = 180 and theta = -180.

Relative to: You select a reference point from which the gain is calculated. For power gain, there are three choices: Isotropic, Arbitrary and Max.

Isotropic: Normalizes the data to a theoretical isotropic antenna in free space.

Arbitrary: Normalizes the data to an arbitrary value which you enter in the Reference Value text entry box.

Max: Normalizes the data by using the maximum value of radiation for the plot as the 0 dB point.

Reference Value: This value provides the reference point in dB for the normalization when using the Arbitrary setting.

Gain (dB)

The power gain is defined as the radiation intensity divided by the uniform radiation intensity that would exist if the total power supplied to the antenna were radiated isotropically^[1^].

Include Reflection: Select this checkbox to base the gain calculation on the total available power at the source rather than the total power delivered to the load.

Relative to: The reference points available for gain are the same as those described above for directive gain.

Reference Value: This value provides the reference point in dB for the normalization when using the Arbitrary setting.

Power/ EMC

Selecting Power/ EMC for the normalization displays the power at a given angle.

Absolute Unit: You may display the power in Watts/ Steradian, Volts/Meter at a distance of 3 M, and Volts/Meter at a distance of 10 M.