• Contents
  • Search this book
  • Sonnet User's Guide
  • Introduction to the User's Guide
    • The Sonnet Design Suite
    • The Analysis Engine, em
    • Em Origins
  • Subsectioning
    • Introduction
    • Metal Fill
    • Tips for Selecting A Good Cell Size
    • Viewing the Subsections
    • Using the Speed/Memory Control
    • Changing the Subsectioning of a Polygon
      • Default Subsectioning of a Polygon
      • X Min and Y Min with Edge Mesh Off
      • X Min and Y Min with Edge Mesh On
      • Using X Max and Y Max
    • Setting the Maximum Subsection Size Parameter
    • Defining the Subsectioning Frequency
    • Diagonal Fill Subsectioning
    • Conformal Mesh Subsectioning
      • Conformal Mesh Subsectioning Control
  • Metalization and Dielectric Layer Loss
    • Introduction
    • Planar Metalization Loss
      • Planar Metal Types
        • Conductivity, Resistivity, or Sheet Resistance at DC
        • Normal Metal Loss Model
        • Thick Metal Loss Model
        • TrueVolume Loss Model
        • Resistor Loss Model
        • Rdc/Rrf Loss Model
        • General Loss Model
        • Rough Metal Loss Model
        • Sense Metal Loss Model
        • How to Create a Planar Metal Type
    • Via Metalization Loss
      • Selecting the Best Metal Model for Via Metal Loss
      • Creating Via Metal Types
        • Volume Loss Model
        • Surface Loss Model
        • Array Loss Model
    • Metal Libraries
    • Dielectric Layer Loss
      • Dielectric Layer Parameters
      • Frequency Dependent Loss
      • How to Create a New Dielectric Layer
      • Dielectric Libraries
  • Ports
    • Port Type Overview
    • Adding Ports in Sonnet's Project Editor
    • Port Normalizing Impedances
      • Changing Port Normalizing Impedance
    • Special Port Numbering
      • Ports with Duplicate Numbers
      • Ports with Negative Numbers
      • Ports with Multiple Numbers
      • Using Port Number Zero for Ground Connections
      • Changing Port Numbering
      • Renumbering All Ports
    • Common, Differential and CPW Port Configurations
      • Common Mode Configuration
      • Differential Mode Configuration
      • CPW Mode Configuration
    • Port Placement with Symmetry On
    • Independent Reference Planes and Diagonal Ports
      • Applying the Diagonal Port Feature to a Port
      • Diagonal Port Feature Limitations
    • Standard Box-wall Port
    • Co-calibrated Internal Ports
      • Calibration Group Properties
      • Rules for Co-calibrated Ports
      • Reference Planes and Calibration Lengths for Co-calibrated Ports
      • Co-Calibrated Port Use in Components
      • Create a Calibration Group Manually
      • Simplified Co-calibrated Ports
    • Delta Gap Ports
    • Via Ports
  • De-embedding
    • Introduction
    • Port Discontinuities
    • Shifting Reference Planes
      • Single Feedline
      • A Common Misconception
    • Rules for Reference Planes
      • Feed Lines Must Be Transmission Lines
      • De-embedding Without Reference Planes
      • Short Reference Planes for Box-wall Ports
      • Reference Planes Longer than the Feedline
    • Calibration Standards
      • Modifying Calibration Standard Lengths
    • Coupled Transmission Lines
      • Shared Reference Planes
      • Independent Reference Planes
    • De-embedded Output Format
    • Plotting Z0 and Eeff
      • Calculating Z0 and Eeff for Box-wall Ports
      • Lengths at Multiples of a Half-Wavelength
      • Lengths Much Greater than One Wavelength
      • Single Transmission Line
      • Coupled Transmission Lines
  • Components
    • Introduction
    • Anatomy of a Component
    • Component Types
      • Data File
      • Ideal Component
      • Ports Only
      • Sonnet Project
      • User Model
    • Component Properties
      • Ground Reference
      • Terminal Width
      • Reference Planes
      • Calibration Lengths
      • Physical Size
    • Rules for Using Components
    • Analysis of a Component
  • Adaptive Band Synthesis (ABS)
    • DC Point Extrapolation
    • ABS Resolution
    • Q-Factor Accuracy
    • Enhanced Resonance Detection
    • Running an Adaptive Sweep
    • ABS Caching Level
      • Multiple ABS Sweeps and Subsectioning
      • Multi-Sweep Caching Scenarios
    • Parameter Sweep
    • Analysis Issues
    • Viewing the Adaptive Response
  • Parameterizing your Project
    • Introduction
    • Variables
      • How to Create a Variable
      • Equations
      • Dependent Variables
    • Dimension Parameters
      • Anchored Dimension Parameters
      • Symmetrical Dimension Parameters
      • Moving Adjustable Point Sets
      • Radial Dimension Parameters
      • Reference Planes
      • Dependent Dimension Parameters
      • Circular Dependencies in Parameters
    • Parameter Sweep
    • Optimization
  • Parameter Sweep and Optimization Tutorial
  • Conformal Mesh
    • Introduction
    • Applying Conformal Meshing
    • Conformal Meshing Rules
    • Using Conformal Meshing Effectively
      • Use Conformal Meshing for Non-Manhattan Polygons
      • Boundaries Should Be Vertical or Horizontal
      • Cell Size and Processing Time
    • Current Density Viewing
  • Netlist Project Analysis
    • Introduction
    • Networks
      • Example of Node Assignments in a Complex Circuit
    • Creating a Netlist
      • Netlist Example Files
    • Cascading S-, Y- and Z-Parameter Data Files
    • A Network File with Geometry Project
    • Inserting Modeled Elements into a Geometry
      • Using Delta Gap Ports
    • Using the Launch Menu in a Netlist
  • Circuit Subdivision
  • Vias
    • Introduction
    • Creating Vias
      • Via Direction
    • Via Polygons
      • Via Subsections
      • Meshing Fill for Vias
        • Simplifying Bar Vias in the Analysis Engine
      • Adding a Rectangular Via to Ground
      • Via Loss
      • Via Pads
      • Via Ports
    • Edge Vias
    • Simple Via Example
  • Thick Metal
    • Physically Thick Metal
    • Viewing Thick Metal in the Project Editor
      • Stackup Manager
      • Metals Protruding Through Two or More Dielectric Layers
    • Modeling Plated Metal
    • Modeling Conductor-Via-Conductor Stackups
      • Bar Via Configuration
      • Via Array Configuration
    • Modeling an Arbitrary Cross-Section
    • Thick Metal in the Current Density Viewer
  • Dielectric Bricks
    • Introduction
    • Guidelines for Using Dielectric Bricks
    • Limitations of Dielectric Bricks
    • Dielectric Brick Concepts
      • Creating a Dielectric Brick
      • Viewing Dielectric Bricks
      • Defining Dielectric Brick Materials
      • Changing Brick Materials
      • Z-Partitioning
  • Antennas and Radiation
  • SPICE Model Synthesis
    • PI Model
      • Using The PI Model Spice Option
      • A Simple Microwave Example
      • Topology Used for PI Model Output
    • N-Coupled Line Model
    • Broadband SPICE Model
    • Inductor Model Extractor
  • Box Resonances
  • Em Command Line for Batch
  • Sonnet References